The Earth, Sun, and Moon are connected
in some ways. The Earth needs the sun and the moon. There are two models, one
is geocentric model, and this model said that the Earth is the center of
the universe. This theory was from Ptolemy. Another model is heliocentric
model and this model said that the Sun is the center of the universe. Nicolaus
Copernicus thought of this idea. They can come up with these ideas
because they study about the universe and star. It's called the Astronomy.
The Earth is moving around the
sun on its axis. The axis tilt is 23.5 degree. It takes Earth 24
hours per day to rotate on its axis one complete time. There are two hemispheres
in the Earth. They are northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere. They are separate
by equator. The two evidences to prove that the Earth is rotating
are Coriolis effect and pendulum. Also, the star Polaris
can prove that the Earth is rotating because this star always stays in the
North. Revolution is when Earth move around the sun on its axis. The
shape of the movement is ellipse. It means that it’s not a circle. Orbit
is the path where Earth moving around. The revolution length is called aphelion
and perihelion. Aphelion is 152000000 km from the sun. Perihelion is
148000000 km from the sun. This means that aphelion is far away from the sun,
but perihelion is near the sun. One
evidence that proves Earth is moving because of constellation. There are
24 time zones in the world. The time zones divided from 1 hour from the time
zone next to it. It rises from west to east. Each time zone is separate by the longitude
line. Greenwich Mean Time is the town where divide the time, and where
the time began. This place located at the Prime Meridian because Prime
Meridian is a line that divided the world into west and east. The International
Date Line is when you are in west, it’s one day before east. When we talk
about seasons, it’s about revolution, also, the direct sunlight
and the indirect sunlight. One
more thing, the most important one is the Earth is tilted by 23.5 degree. It’s
the axis tilt. The Earth is moving around, and when the Earth is on the
East side of the sun, the southern hemisphere will more direct sunlight and it
will be Summer there, the northern hemisphere will be winter because it get
indirect sunlight. There’s no season in equator because the sun always hit
straight to the equator. So it’s summer all the time. There are two
solstices, one is winter solstice and other one is summer solstice.
Winter solstice is when the Earth is far away from the sun. (Aphelion) It
starts at the date December 21/22. Summer solstice is when the Earth is
near the sun. (Perihelion) It starts at the date June 21/22. Equinoxes mean when the Earth receive
the same amount of sunlight, 12 hours for day and 12 hours for night. The Vernal
Equinoxes start at March 21/22. You can call it Spring Equinoxes
too. The Autumnal Equinoxes start at September 22/23. Fall
Equinoxes is another name for it. I love these two seasons because it’s not
very hot and not very cold. In your life, I think that you can see the moon
every night, but it’s not easy to see all the phases of the moon. The phases
of the moon mean that the moon has different shape. The shapes are new
moon, gibbous moon, crescent moon, quarter moon, and full
moon. The shape of the new moon is there’s no moon, you can’t see it. The
crescent moon is you can see less than half. The quarter moon is you can see
half of the moon. The gibbous moon is you can see more than half. The full moon
is you can see the whole moon. The difference between waxing and waning
is that waxing is getting bigger from smaller but waning is that getting
smaller from bigger. If I have a chance to see all the shapes, that would be
awesome. The tides are the moon that causes the ocean moving high and
low. The spring tide is a tide that the oceans is moving higher or lower
than normal tides. The water level and sea level will be higher or
lower. The phases of the moon of spring tides are full and new moon. In the
spring tides, the sun, moon, and Earth are forming a straight line. Neap
tide is different from spring tide because in neap tide, the sun, moon, and
Earth form a 90 degree angle and the wave of the ocean is normal. And the
phases of the moon are the first and third moon.
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